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  #1  
Old 30-10-2009, 07:17 AM
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Thumbs up The Sex Health Issue Summary Thread -Updating

Hi all.
before you start a new thread
check if your question has been answered before.


Question 1 Does semen cause sexually transmitted infections?
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...7&postcount=62

Question 2 Does anything happen if you swallow sperm?
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...2&postcount=61

Question 3 Can the taste of a guy's semen indicate if he has an STD?
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...9&postcount=63

Question 4 I am just wondering, is there a way to change the flavor of your semen?
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...2&postcount=64

Question 5 I want to know if swallowing sperm makes you fat. I heard that it is 100% protien and 50 calories per squirt, is that true?
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...3&postcount=65

Question 6 It is possible to get a sexually transmitted infection from having semen in the mouth?
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...6&postcount=66

Question 7 Could my girlfriend get pregnant if I had pre-cum on my finger and then fingered her?
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...5&postcount=68

Question 8 If for some odd and unknown reason a guy ejaculated in some bath water and a girl got in could she get pregnant from that?
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...0&postcount=69

Question 9 I heard that if you have sex in a pool or hot tub, or any water, that it can damage a girl or even kill her because the water gets inside of her. Is this true? Or is it just a myth?
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...4&postcount=70

Question 10 how many days does the sperm lives on the girl's body?
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...2&postcount=71

Question 11 Can sperm get through layers of clothes and get someone pregnant?
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...4&postcount=72

Question 12 My boyfriend said that i cant get pregnant if i stand up right after sex because he says that all the semen come out if i stand up and wont get a chance to get to the egg?
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...7&postcount=73

Question 13 After I had unprotected sex, I rinsed my vagina out with water. Can this prevent pregnancy?
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...4&postcount=74

Question 14 Are there any ways that you can reduce the risk of becoming pregnant after having unprotected sex?
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...8&postcount=75

Question 15 I heard a girl can only get pregnant on the 14th day of her cycle, is this true?
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...3&postcount=76

Question 16 When is a person mostly likely to get pregnant?
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...8&postcount=77

Question 17 How about posting the no of calories various sexual activities burns?
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...2&postcount=79

Question 18 Is Unprotected Oral Sex safe?
http://samsforum.asia/sexual-...ml#post4711303

Question 19 All you need to know about HIV
http://samsforum.asia/showthread.php?t=17859

Question 20 All you need to know about STD ( with pictures)
http://samsforum.asia/showthread.php?t=29801

Question 21 HIV screening info ( with pictures)
http://samsforum.asia/showthread.php?t=19533

Question 22 All you need to know about Herpes
http://samsforum.asia/showthread.php?t=21670

Question 23 Does too much sex leads to kidney failure?
http://samsforum.asia/showthread.php?p=4238381

Question 24 Sharing of ways and method to improve Sexual Health
http://samsforum.asia/showthread.php?t=148167

Question 25 Smelly Cunt and bacterial vaginosis
http://samsforum.asia/showthread.php?t=165081

Question 26 Pain when inserting.. and foreskin tear?
http://samsforum.asia/sexual-...skin-tear.html

Question 27 rashes/spots on penis head
http://samsforum.asia/sexual-...enis-head.html

Question 28 seek advice on real problem-me pcc ok, fl ok but with wife not ok, how?
http://samsforum.asia/sexual-...ot-ok-how.html

Question 29 foreskin problem
http://samsforum.asia/sexual-...t-problem.html

Question 30 How to wear a Condom - the proper way
http://samsforum.asia/sexual-...ml#post4179882
http://samsforum.asia/adult-d...ml#post1097235

Question 31 HJ safe from STD?
http://samsforum.asia/showthread.php?t=144124

Question 32 Circumcision
https://samsforum.asia/showpost.p...0&postcount=11
https://samsforum.asia/showpost.p...1&postcount=12
https://samsforum.asia/showpost.p...3&postcount=13
http://samsforum.asia/showthread.php?t=26290
https://samsforum.asia/showpost.p...6&postcount=40

Question 33 Dry skin and penis skin tear problem
http://samsforum.asia/showthread.php?t=174011

Question 34 Sensitive to latex Condom , How?
http://samsforum.asia/showthread.php?t=113680

Question 35 How to locate Female G-spot
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...58&postcount=1

Question 36 How to last longer - male Orgasm
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...73&postcount=5
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...82&postcount=6

Question 37 Sexual Positions *For the pregnant woman
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...4&postcount=17
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Last edited by Big Sexy; 09-12-2015 at 11:07 AM.
  #2  
Old 30-10-2009, 08:17 AM
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Re: The Sex Health Issue Summary Thread

Question 38 What are dental dam and how to use them?
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...7&postcount=21

Question 39 Painful Intercourse (dyspareunia)
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...8&postcount=22

Question 40 PC muscle (Pubococcygeus muscle)
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...2&postcount=23

Question 41 lubricants and Vaginal Dryness
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...8&postcount=24

Question 42 Wet Vagina and Douching
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...0&postcount=25

Question 43 Tips on how to get your wife Pregnant
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...2&postcount=29

Question 43 Tips on how to How to pleasure a woman
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...0&postcount=30

Question 44 Secrets of a good blow-job
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...2&postcount=31

Question 45 Cunnilingus
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...7&postcount=32

Question 46 sperm and semen
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...7&postcount=44

Question 47 What is the fluid on the tip of his penis before he ejaculates (Cum)?
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...3&postcount=49

Question 48a How long does sperm live after ejaculation?
Question 48b Can a guy hold his "come" inside during sex, or is an orgasm uncontrollable?
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...7&postcount=50

Question 49 Blood in the urine(Hematuria)
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...&postcount=265

Question 50 Five kinds of condoms: A guide for consumers
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...&postcount=226

Question 51 Pain in Testicle
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...&postcount=227

Question 52 Circumcision and sex
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...&postcount=228

Question 53 Penis pain could be phimosis
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...&postcount=229

Question 54 A penis with two holes (Hypospadias)
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...&postcount=230

Question 55 ABORTION( Surgical Abortion and Medical Abortion)
Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13


Question 56 Testicular self-exams — how?
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...&postcount=231

Question 57 White spots on penis and tight foreskin
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...&postcount=232

Question 58 Bumps/lumps on penis
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...&postcount=233

Question 59 Is Anal–oral sex (Anilingus) safe?
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...&postcount=234

Question 60 Penis Enlargement: Does It Work?
part 1 | Part 2

Question 61 Two streams of urine? and prostate cancer
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...&postcount=237

Question 62 Will just one testicle tamper with sex life and fatherhood?
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...&postcount=238

Question 63 What's up with morning erections?
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...&postcount=239

Question 64 Does intercourse pain affect men? Painful intercourse (dyspareunia)
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...&postcount=245

Question 65 Veins on the penis
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...&postcount=255

Question 66 Normal Vaginal Discharge
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...&postcount=240

Question 67 Prolonging arousal/Lasting longer
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...&postcount=241

Question 68 Frenulum breve, foreskin doesn't fully retract when penis is erect — surgery?
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...&postcount=242

Question 69 Is it possible to "break" your penis?
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...&postcount=243

Question 70 how much does the Std/HIV test cost?
http://samsforum.asia/showthread.php?t=212137

Question 71 Bumps/lumps on penis
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...&postcount=257

Question 72 Let's go condom shopping! Brands, sizes, textures — what to buy?
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...&postcount=258

Question 73 Connection between ejaculation frequency and prostate health
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...&postcount=259

Question 74 Holding your pee — will it damage the prostate?
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...&postcount=260

Question 75 Epididymitis
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...&postcount=261

Question 76 Urethritis is swelling and irritation (inflammation) of the urethra, the tube that carries urine from the body
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...&postcount=262

Question 77 Men's hot flashes: Andropause?
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...&postcount=263
https://samsforum.asia/showthread.php?t=547756

Question 78 Do no testicles mean no erection? (Testicular torsion)
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...&postcount=264

Question 79 What increases the chance of getting HIV? and your HIV Risk estimation tool here
https://samsforum.asia/showpost.p...&postcount=888
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Sex health related questions click here.
WOMEN'S CHARTER click here
Sg law on sex related matters click here

Last edited by Big Sexy; 20-04-2017 at 06:46 AM.
  #3  
Old 06-12-2009, 07:33 AM
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Re: The Sex Health Issue Summary Thread

Question 79 Does Circumcision Help Prevent HIV Transmission?
http://samsforum.asia/showpos...&postcount=593

Question 80 Is it possible to get STD from those regulated pros?
http://samsforum.asia/showthread.php?p=4426792

Question 81 : Vaginal Odour [CCB] - Causes
http://samsforum.asia/showthread.php?t=282454

Question 82 :Retrograde ejaculation
http://samsforum.asia/showthread.php?t=152562
post 4 and 5

Question 83 :Termination of Pregnancy/Abortion in Singapore
http://samsforum.asia/showthread.php?t=152562
post 6 and 7
Question 84 :What's up with morning erection?
http://samsforum.asia/showthread.php?p=13260662

Question 85 If you are tested positive for any STDs, will the clinic register you to govt records

https://samsforum.asia/showpost.p...18&postcount=4

Question 86 Is it possible for a hiv test to show up positive only at the 6 months mark?
https://samsforum.asia/showpost.p...1&postcount=11
https://samsforum.asia/showpost.p...3&postcount=14

Question 87 i still doubt the negative HIV test results that i had.

https://samsforum.asia/showpost.p...20&postcount=7

Question 88 Need advice on unprotected Sex With Prostitute
https://samsforum.asia/showthread.php?t=545318

Question 89 Burning sensation when urinating

https://samsforum.asia/showthread.php?t=540708

Question 90 Blood in Sperm
https://samsforum.asia/showthread.php?t=549363

Question 91 it is common for the bros here to contract hiv from protected sex with MLs/FLs/other sex workers etc[
https://samsforum.asia/showpost.p...&postcount=916

Question 92 is there anyway to measure herpes transmission rate

https://sammyboyforum.co.nz/showthread.php?t=550882

Question 93 licking and sucking pussy..can transfer hiv?
https://samsforum.asia/showthread.php?t=553116

Question 94 White stringy particles floating in urine
https://samsforum.asia/showthread.php?t=553087

Question 95 What is the difference between DSC at Kelantan and AFA
https://samsforum.asia/showpost.p...&postcount=941

Question 96 What STDs test does the WL in SG undergo
https://samsforum.asia/showpo...6&postcount=16

Question 97 STDs windows period
https://samsforum.asia/showpost.p...1&postcount=10

Question 98 read this thread to know more on PEP treatment in Singapore
https://samsforum.asia/showthread.php?t=573184

Question 99 why syphilis seems to be a more serious std compare to other std???
https://samsforum.asia/showthread.php?t=572630

Question 100 can herpes carrier donate blood?
https://samsforum.asia/showthread.php?t=571915

Question 101 Herpes myths vs facts
https://samsforum.asia/showpost.p...&postcount=557

Question 102 Vaginal Atrophy
https://samsforum.asia/showpost.p...2&postcount=77

Question 103 Genital Psoriasis: Symptoms and Treatment
https://samsforum.asia/showpost.p...7&postcount=80

Question 104 Choosing between Viagra, Cialis, and Levitra: What to consider
https://samsforum.asia/showpost.p...1&postcount=90

Question 105 Acute HIV(early state) infection: Symptoms, diagnosis, and management
https://samsforum.asia/showpost.p...&postcount=891
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Last edited by Big Sexy; 25-05-2017 at 12:16 PM.
  #4  
Old 06-07-2012, 01:06 PM
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Re: The Sex Health Issue Summary Thread -Updating

Retrograde ejaculation
source here

Retrograde ejaculation occurs when semen enters the bladder instead of going out through the urethra during ejaculation.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors
The main reason for retrograde ejaculation is that the bladder neck does not close. This causes semen to go backwards into the bladder rather than forward out of the penis.
Retrograde ejaculation may also be caused by:

- Diabetes
- Some medications, including drugs used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) and some mood-altering drugs
- Surgery to the prostate or urethra

The condition is uncommon.

Symptoms
Cloudy urine after orgasms
Little or no semen is released during ejaculation

Signs and tests
A urinalysis that is taken soon after ejaculation will show a large amount of sperm in the urine.

Treatment
Your health care provider may recommend that you stop taking a drug if it is causing your retrograde ejaculation. This can make the problem go away.
Retrograde ejaculation that is caused by diabetes or surgery may be treated with medications such as pseudoephedrine or imipramine.

Expectations (prognosis)
If retrograde ejaculation is caused by medications, stopping the drug will often bring back normal ejaculation. If retrograde ejaculation is caused by surgery or diabetes, it is often not correctable.

Complications
The condition may cause infertility. However, semen can often be removed from the bladder and used during assistive reproductive techniques to achieve a pregnancy.

Calling your health care provider
Call for an appointment with your health care provider if you are having trouble conceiving a child or you are worried about retrograde ejaculation.

Prevention
Maintaining good blood sugar control may help prevent this condition in men who have diabetes. Avoiding drugs that cause retrograde ejaculation will also prevent this condition.
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Last edited by Big Sexy; 07-07-2012 at 06:54 AM.
  #5  
Old 06-07-2012, 01:10 PM
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Re: The Sex Health Issue Summary Thread -Updating

retrograde-ejaculation-can-it-be-reversed???
source: http://goaskalice.columbia.edu/retro...it-be-reversed

Quote:
Question...One of my textbooks makes mention of retrograde ejaculation. It says that semen is released into the urinary bladder but it doesn't talk about the functional aspects. Can the problem be corrected? Is it a painful problem?
--------------
Answer : During ejaculation, the internal sphincter, a muscle located between the prostate and the bladder, closes tightly, preventing a man from ejaculating and urinating at the same time. If this muscle relaxes, it can force some of the ejaculate backwards into the bladder, rather than out of the urethral tip. This is called retrograde ejaculation. The next time a man with this condition urinates, the urine is noticeably cloudy because it has been mixed with ejaculate. Health care providers or urologists can confirm the diagnosis of retrograde ejaculation by testing a man's urine for the presence of sperm.

Retrograde ejaculation has many causes. Certain medications that treat hypertension and prostate conditions; genital surgery; or, diseases, such as diabetes, which can cause nerve impairment in and around the bladder, cause ejaculate to flow backward. Often, retrograde ejaculation is a first sexual side effect for men with diabetes, who are the most commonly affected group. It's important to get an accurate diagnosis by a health care provider or urologist. Depending upon the cause of retrograde ejaculation, treatments and outcomes vary. Medications are usually used first, often pseudoephedrine initially, or imipramine.

Men with retrograde ejaculation still produce sperm. Sperm can be medically retrieved from the first urine sample after ejaculation. This sperm can be used for artificial insemination.

Men feel no pain, and usually no sensation at all, from having retrograde ejaculation. Strange and unfamiliar, however, may come to mind when they notice their orgasm is not accompanied by a "burst" of semen. Since orgasm and ejaculation are two separate physiological processes, a man with retrograde ejaculation can still feel intense pleasure and contractions during orgasm.
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  #6  
Old 06-07-2012, 01:18 PM
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Re: The Sex Health Issue Summary Thread -Updating

Termination of Pregnancy/Abortion in Singapore
source
information on who to contact and how to proceed in the event of an unwanted pregnancy. Also information on the types of termination practised, the counselling available and general health promotion.

In Singapore, abortion is legal on socio-medical grounds. The legal time limit for abortion is 24 weeks into the pregnancy.

The Age of Legal Consent and Under 21s
In Singapore the Abortion Act law states that there is no defined age limit for the abortion procedure, nor is there a legal requirement for parental consent for minors under the age of 21.

In other words just about anyone may request the procedure for unwanted pregnancy, provided they are of sound mind and body and understand the risks and details of the procedure.
Note: In contrast, if a miscarriage happens, then parental consent is required for anyone below the age of 21.

The law applies to all patients, regardless of nationality.

Legal restrictions on foreigners
Foreigners are only eligible for pregnancy termination/abortion in Singapore if one of the following criteria are met:

They have been residing in Singapore for 4 months or more
They are married to a Singapore citizen or have PR status
If they have a work permit

These restrictions do not apply to foreigners who require evacuation for miscarriage, but the age of legal consent (21 and above) will apply in this scenario.

Before the Procedure
The Abortion Law act requires that the woman undergoes brief counselling by a qualified abortion counsellor at any accredited abortion clinic, and watch a video on the subject.

Girls under 16 years of age have to undergo mandatory counselling at the Health Promotion Board Counselling Centre. They will be issued with a Certificate of Attendance (COA) without which they will not legally be allowed to have an abortion.

There is also a mandatory waiting period of 48 hours after the counselling before the procedure can be done.

Procedure for an Abortion
There are 2 main types of abortion procedure, depending on the gestation of the pregnancy

1, For early pregnancies 3 months (12 weeks) and below, the procedure is called vacuum aspiration. This usually involves being put to sleep for about 10 minutes, during which time a small tube is placed into the womb via the vagina. An attached vacuum will then remove all the pregnancy contents of the womb.
2. For pregnancies 3 to 6 months (13 to 24 weeks) , the procedure is known as Mid Trimester Pregnancy Termination (MTPT) which is a more complicated affair. Hospitalisation is usually required for a day or two, during which medicine is inserted into the vagina to induce natural expulsion of the pregnancy. After the foetus and placenta are aborted, the process of evacuation of the womb follows. This is basically the same procedure as used in vacuum aspiration; it ensures that the womb contents have been thoroughly evacuated.

The second method takes a little longer and is messier, so it is far preferable that an early decision for abortion be made, before 3 months if possible.

Abortion in a pregnancy beyond 24 weeks
Abortion is not allowed if a pregnancy has progressed beyond 24 weeks. The legal limit of termination of pregnancy in Singapore is 6 months, or 24 weeks, beyond which abortion of any pregnancy is illegal. Most doctors would not initiate abortion beyond 23 weeks as the abortion has to be completed by 24 weeks. The only exception to this rule would be a severe or lethal foetal abnormality but even then, special approval would have to be sought from the authorities before the procedure can be done.

Limit to how early in a pregnancy the abortion can be performed
A woman choosing to have the procedure, should make an appointment as soon as possible in order to date and to locate the pregnancy so that the timing of the procedure can be planned. This is important because is not advisable to have the procedure too early in the pregnancy, as the risks of retained products and a "missed" abortion is higher.

Expected downtime after the procedure
Though the evacuation procedure itself takes only about 10 to 20 minutes, it would probably be advisable to take the rest of the day off in view of the residual effects of the anaesthesia. Recovery should be complete by the next day.

Risks with the procedure
The risks of the procedure are rare, and consist of bleeding from the womb, infection and trauma to the cervix.

Another extremely rare complication is uterine perforation, which is when the probe goes through the wall of the womb, and which requires repair via keyhole surgery.

Long term effects (including emotional and psychological trauma)
The risks of infertility from abortion carried out in a modern setting, particularly in a sterile environment, are extremely low. As for psychosocial effects, these are far less common than some sensationalist media imply. In fact the only satisfactory studies conducted in this regard show that there is an improvement in the mental well-being when compared to someone who has to go through the entire process of an unwanted pregnancy.

Nonetheless many aspects of emotional and mental well being are subjective, and coloured by social, cultural and religious influences, making this a controversial issue. The impact of regret also varies from individual to individual. A qualified gynaecologist can provide in-depth discussion and unbiased counselling.

Cost of the procedure
The cost of the surgery itself in Singapore ranges from S$300 to S$2000. The large disparity is due to variations in the type of theatre employed, the depth of anaesthesia applied and in the package inclusions. For MTPT, the hospitalisation and medication charges must also be taken into account. An accredited abortion centre should be contacted for an in-depth discussion.

Patients are also usually entitled to a medisave claim, although this may not be relevant to foreigners.

Abortion through taking medication
The practice of medical termination via taking of prostaglandins has the advantage of avoiding surgery. However it is a more prolonged process, and may involve pain and bleeding which may last for weeks. There is also a slightly higher failure rate, which may still require one to undergo a formal evacuation if the medicine fails.

Traditional medicines
The procedure should only be undertaken under the supervision of a qualified non-objecting gynaecologist trained in abortion procedures. "Traditional" or "alternative" methods of abortion using pineapples, herbs and/or instrumentation in unsanitary conditions should be avoided as complications such as infection, bleeding and sometimes infertility can occur.

The Doctor's Rights, a Woman's Choice
A doctor may refuse to perform the procedure on personal grounds although the woman retains her choice in the matter of abortion. It is the duty of every responsible medical practitioner to offer the patient a second opinion even if they object to the procedure on religious grounds.
An accredited abortion centre is a good source of unbiased objective information. The final decision is made by the pregnant woman.

The most important aspect of abortion is the decision to have one. There are a myriad of conflicting social, religious and financial issues that have to be sorted out carefully so time should be taken to make an informed decision as this is something that should not be taken lightly.
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Old 06-07-2012, 01:21 PM
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Re: The Sex Health Issue Summary Thread -Updating

Abortion
source here

If you have any questions about contraception, sexually transmitted infections, STI testing, pregnancy or abortion, the best thing you can do is speak with a doctor. If you don’t have a doctor then talk to the DSC Clinic or visit a local clinic.

Who can have an abortion?

According to the Singapore Abortion Act law:

there is no defined age limit for the abortion procedure
there is no legal requirement for parental consent for minors
abortion is prohibited after 24 weeks (6 months) of pregnancy unless the mother’s life is in danger

What is the process?

Abortion patients must undergo compulsory counselling before the procedure. Girls below 16 years of age need to be counseled at the Health Promotion Board Counselling Centre (except for rape victims).
This is followed by a mandatory waiting period of 48 hours before the procedure can be done.
If you want an abortion and your doctor refuses on personal grounds, you have the right to seek a second opinion. See here for other providers.
Patients will normally undergo post abortion counseling after the procedure and may be required to return a week later to check for any complications.
Because of the risk of infection, some doctors may advise that you should not have sex for up to two weeks after your procedure.

Types of Abortion

In Singapore, there are 2 main types of abortion procedure:

vacuum aspiration – (up to 14 weeks)
The patient will have to fast for at least 4 hours and sedation will be given as anesthesia (ie you will be put to sleep for about 10 minutes). Then a small tube is placed into the womb via the vagina. An attached vacuum will then remove the pregnancy. The patient should be able to go home after 2 to 4 hours.
Mid Trimester Pregnancy Termination – (14 to 24 weeks)
This process is more complicated and hospitalisation is usually required for a day or two. Medicine is inserted into the vagina to induce natural expulsion of the pregnancy. After the foetus and placenta are aborted, the womb is cleared by by vacuum aspiration as above.

Because the second procedure is much more complicated, it is much better for an early decision for abortion be made.

Legal restrictions on foreigners

Foreigners are only eligible for abortion in Singapore if one of the following criteria are met:

They have been residing in Singapore for 4 months or more
They are married to a Singapore citizen or have PR status
If they have a work permit

More Info

Teen Central – Health Promotion Board
Termination of Pregnancy/Abortion in Singapore – Anglo Info
Guidelines on Termination of Pregnancy (PDF) – Ministry of Health
Singapore Sees Abortion Rates Rise – AFP, May 2009

Statistics

A Ministry of Health spokeswoman said there were 12,222 abortions in Singapore in 2008, compared to 11,933 in 2007. No official figures are available for 2009 (source). During the same period there were 39,935 babies delivered indicating that roughly 1 in 4 pregnancies are terminated.

While a small proportion of pregnancies are terminated for health reasons, most terminations are due to financial or social concerns (unwanted pregnancy).
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Old 25-10-2013, 04:46 PM
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Re: The Sex Health Issue Summary Thread -Updating

Hello.
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Old 08-02-2015, 11:35 PM
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Re: The Sex Health Issue Summary Thread -Updating

Quote:
Originally Posted by penzaza View Post
Hello.
Om Mani Padme Hum
  #10  
Old 19-11-2015, 07:09 AM
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Re: The Sex Health Issue Summary Thread -Updating

use this as a guide

typical STD testing windows are:
http://www.thestdproject.com/std-tes...t-tested-stds/


Chlamydia Urine Test:
Possible Detection – Within the first week
Most Likely Detection – 2 Weeks
Highest Accuracy – 4 Weeks

Gonorrhea Urine Test:

Possible Detection – Within the first week
Most Likely Detection – 1-2 Weeks
Highest Accuracy – 2-3 Weeks

Herpes Simplex 1 & 2 Blood Test:

Possible Detection – 2-4 Weeks
Most Likely Detection – 6-12 Weeks
Highest Accuracy – 12-16 Weeks

Syphilis Blood Test:
Possible Detection – 1-2 Weeks
Most Likely Detection – 6 Weeks
Highest Accuracy – 12 Weeks

HIV Antibody Test *:
Possible Detection – 3 Weeks
Most Likely Detection – 4-6 Weeks
Highest Accuracy – 12 Weeks

HIV Early Detection Test **:
Possible Detection – 1-2 Weeks
Most Likely Detection – 3 Weeks
Highest Accuracy – 3-4 Weeks

Hepatitis A Blood Test:
Possible Detection – 2-3 Weeks
Most Likely Detection – 3-6 Weeks
Highest Accuracy – 6-7 Weeks

Hepatitis B Blood Test:
Possible Detection – 1-6 Weeks
Most Likely Detection – 6-10 Weeks
Highest Accuracy – 12 Weeks

Hepatitis C Blood Test:
Possible Detection – 4-5 Weeks
Most Likely Detection – 6-9 Weeks
Highest Accuracy – 10-12 Weeks
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  #11  
Old 22-11-2015, 01:52 PM
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Re: The Sex Health Issue Summary Thread -Updating

Circumcision: Why It's Done, Risks and Recovery
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/302234.php

Circumcision is one of the oldest and most commonly performed of all the surgical procedures. Decisions to carry out a circumcision can be religious, social, medical or cultural.

In this article, we will look at how a circumcision is conducted and what can be expected after the event.

There is a fair amount of controversy surrounding this simple procedure and its prophylactic benefits. We will touch on areas of dispute when relevant.



What is a circumcision?


Circumcision is the removal of the foreskin of the penis. The foreskin is the shroud of skin that can be gently pulled back to uncover the head of the penis.

The procedure is relatively simple in surgical terms. The foreskin is freed from the head of the penis and, in a child, it is clipped off. In adults, it is removed with a scalpel.

The wound is then either cauterized or stitched with dissolvable sutures.

Circumcision of a baby takes between 5-10 minutes while an adult's operation takes around 1 hour.

Circumcision: who and where

The World Health Organization (WHO) state that around 30% of men have been circumcised globally. Of these, 70% are Muslim. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 58% of American newborns were circumcised in 2010.

Circumcision soon after birth (neonatal circumcision) is most common in Israel, the US, Canada, Australia and across much of the Middle East, Central Asia and West Africa. In contrast, the procedure is quite rare in East and Southern Africa, Latin America and throughout Europe.

The reasons for this disparity in usage vary but the predominant reason is religion. Disagreements as to the medical benefits of circumcision also play a part, however.

Non-religious circumcision appears to be declining in the Western world. In America, the rate dropped from 68% in 1979 to 58% in 2010.2 Neonatal circumcision in Canada fell from about 20% in 1996/97 to 9.2% in 2005. Australia has also followed suit, dropping from 49% in 1973/74 to around 10.8% in 2013.

A brief history of circumcision


The exact date of the first circumcision will never be known. Some experts believe the operation dates back as far as 15,000 years and slowly spread throughout a variety of cultures.

Egyptian mummies from 2300 BC are found to circumcised, so the procedure clearly has an age-old pedigree. Circumcision is also mentioned liberally throughout the Bible, hence its modern day usage within the Jewish population.

Some believe that circumcision was first popularized in the ancient world as a public health measure. It is theorized that it became popular as a way of preventing balanitis (a condition where the head of the penis swells up and prevents the foreskin from returning to its normal position), caused by a build up of sand under the foreskin.

This is not just wild conjecture. The Australian military, fighting in arid conditions during World War II, reported that balanitis caused by sand under the foreskin reached "epidemic" proportions.

Circumcision did not become popular in the Western world until the late 19th century. Rather than being performed for medical reasons, the procedure was carried out in an effort to prevent masturbation.

Before the 20th century, masturbation was believed to be the cause of a whole manner of physical and mental illnesses, including epilepsy, paralysis, impotence, gonorrhea, tuberculosis, feeble-mindedness and insanity.

Over time, the medical reasoning behind circumcision changed and developed. The operation became incredibly popular and recommended in much of the English-speaking world.

After World War II, Britain moved to a nationalized health care system; as part of a cost-cutting exercise and because there was little compelling evidence of circumcision's benefits, the procedure was dropped from its recommendations.

This explains why today there is a large difference between circumcision rates in the UK (less than 3% of newborns in 2000) and the US (58% of newborns in 2010).

Cont next post
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  #12  
Old 22-11-2015, 01:55 PM
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Re: The Sex Health Issue Summary Thread -Updating

Circumcision: Why It's Done, Risks and Recovery
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/302234.php

Reasons given for neonatal circumcision

here are a number of claimed health benefits associated with neonatal circumcision. Below are listed the most common:

Religion: religious circumcision is the most common reason for the procedure

Hygiene: washing the penis is easier without the skin folds of the foreskin, although washing with the foreskin intact is not a particularly difficult procedure

Decreased risk of urinary tract infection: urinary tract infections are more prevalent in uncircumcised men and can lead to kidney problems later in life. However, they are very rare in males under 50 whether circumcised or not

Decrease in risk of sexually transmitted infections (STI): some evidence points to a lower risk of some STIs like HIV (more detail below). One study found that uncircumcised men are twice as likely as circumcised men to develop herpes or gonorrhea, and five times as likely to develop candidiasis or syphilis

Prevention of certain penile problems: in very rare cases, the foreskin can become impossible to retract, or the head of the penis can become inflamed and need surgical intervention (phimosis and balanitis respectively - see page 3)

Decreased risk of penile cancer: cancers of the penis are rare, but they occur more commonly in uncircumcised men. However, it has been estimated that 300,000 circumcisions may be required to prevent one penile cancer per year.


Circumcision and HIV

There is a strong belief that circumcision helps lessen the risks of HIV being transmitted during intercourse.

Research in the field is almost exclusively conducted in Africa, where the need is greatest.

Current literature is split concerning the links between circumcision and the likelihood of contracting HIV.

Findings from research conducted in Sub-Saharan Africa can not necessarily be extrapolated to the Western world. Added to this, the US has one of the highest rates of HIV infection in the industrialized world, despite circumcision being more prevalent here than in many other countries.

The head of the penis and the shaft are covered in dry, external cells. However, the internal membrane of the foreskin has less keratinization (layers of fibrous protein).

The foreskin's underside is constructed differently and is formed of a mucosal membrane. For this reason, some believe it has more potential target sites for HIV.

Some studies have indeed shown that the foreskin's inner membrane could be more susceptible to HIV infection. However, other studies have not demonstrated this. The evidence at this stage is inconclusive.

The foreskin may be more prone to splits and ruptures during intercourse, leaving an open door for pathogens to enter the bloodstream.

A further possibility is that the space between the penis and the foreskin might provide an environment in which a virus can survive for a period of time, raising the risk of infection for the individual and their next partner.

High-level population data does suggest that HIV incidence drops in areas with an increased number of circumcised males. According to the CDC:
Quote:
"Countries in Africa and Asia with a prevalence of male circumcision of less than 20% have HIV infection prevalences several times higher than those in countries in these regions where more than 80% of men are circumcised."
Between 2005 and 2006, three trials into the implications of circumcision on HIV transmission in Africa were cut short for ethical reasons. The researchers found that men who had been circumcised had a 76% (South Africa), 60% (Kenya), and 55% (Uganda) reduction in risk for HIV infection compared with those who were not circumcised

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  #13  
Old 22-11-2015, 02:00 PM
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Re: The Sex Health Issue Summary Thread -Updating

Circumcision: Why It's Done, Risks and Recovery
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/302234.php

Circumcision in adulthood

Circumcision is performed in adults less frequently than in children. The procedure takes longer and is likely to be more traumatic the older an individual is.

There are still certain circumstances when an adult circumcision may be considered, however.

Phimosis

Phimosis is the inability to pull back the foreskin of the penis. The condition affects around 1% of 7th graders.

At birth, the foreskin is naturally tight and slowly loosens as the boy develops. In the case of phimosis, this tightening is slower to reduce. Typically, the problem resolves between the ages of 5 and 7.

If the problem persists and there is inflammation or ballooning during urination, intervention may be sought. In rare cases, circumcision is used to permanently remedy the situation.

Paraphimosis

Paraphimosis is effectively the opposite to phimosis: the foreskin is stuck behind the head of the penis and restricts the blood flow to the end of the penis.

This condition is considered to be a medical emergency. Paraphimosis is often iatrogenic; in other words, it is a reaction to a medical procedure, such as a urethral catheter or penile examination.

If left untreated, paraphimosis can lead to gangrene and autoamputation. Once the initial issue is resolved, a circumcision is often prescribed to prevent future occurrences

Balanitis

Balanitis is a condition where the head of the penis swells up and the foreskin can no longer be brought to its natural position.

This condition can be caused by an infection, dermatitis, psoriasis, eczema or lichen planus (a skin disease). Having unprotected sex with a partner who has vaginal thrush can also increase the chances of balanitis, as can suffering from diabetes.

Depending on the initial cause of the issue, balanitis can be treated by steroid or antifungal creams, a course of antibiotics, or, as a last port of call - circumcision

Risks of circumcision

There are risks associated with any form of surgery, but circumcision is a relatively safe procedure. The risks include the following:

The foreskin might be cut too short or left too long
It may not heal properly
Blood loss and hemorrhage
Meatal stenosis: a condition where the urinary stream is deflected upwards making it difficult to aim
Damage to the urethra (the tube that carries urine through the penis) making urination difficult
Accidental amputation of the head of the penis (very rare)
Blood infection or poisoning (septicemia)
The foreskin left behind might reattach to the penis and require further minor surgery
A decrease in the sensation of the penis, especially during intercourse

Recovery from circumcision

As with any surgery, the affected area will be bruised and swollen. The pain, bruising and swelling will abate over a 2-3 week period.

Further recommendations:

Underwear that holds the penis in place is often considered more comfortable than loose fitting boxer shorts
Pain medication will be prescribed, and although there will be discomfort, because the operation is relatively minor, it should not be excruciating
Urination can be painful. Drinking plenty of fluids will help dilute the acidity of the urine. A dab of petroleum jelly on the end of the penis can also help abate any associated stinging sensations
Do not use an antiseptic cream on the surgical area as this can interfere with the healing process
Avoid physical activities until the wound has healed, which typically takes 3 weeks in older boys and men.

Erections can be painful during the recovery phase. These are some steps that can help minimize the chance of nocturnal erections:

Empty your bladder before retiring, and relieve yourself during the night
Lie on your side, rather than back
It may be helpful to draw your knees up into a more fetal position.

Circumcision, for such a simple operation, has seen more than its fair share of controversy. The procedure is brief and the recovery swift, but the medical benefits are often uncertain.


Quote:

Recent developments on circumcision and HIV from MNT news

Increased risk of spreading HIV while circumcision wounds heal

Scientists conducting a study of HIV-infected men in Uganda have found that men undergoing circumcision may be at an increased risk of infecting female partners with the disease while the wounds from their surgery heal.

New drugs reawaken latent HIV to eradicate virus

A new study suggests a class of drugs already being tested in clinical trials for the treatment of cancer may also hold the key to complete eradication of HIV.
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  #14  
Old 29-04-2016, 09:26 PM
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Re: The Sex Health Issue Summary Thread -Updating

Female Condoms: Use, Advantages, Effectiveness
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/309483.php

A female condom is a flexible pouch inserted into the vagina or anus before sex. Their role is to prevent pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases.

During intercourse, these thin silicone-coated polyurethane or nitrile sheaths collect ejaculated semen.

The female condom differs in appearance from the male condom. Female condoms are pouches with a soft, flexible ring on each end.

The ring on the closed end is inserted into the vagina and holds the condom in place. The open-ended ring remains outside of the vagina during sex.

When used for anal intercourse, the condom is inserted into the anus instead of the vagina. Female condoms have yet to receive official approval for use in anal intercourse, however.

While a female condom can be inserted up to 8 hours before intercourse, users should only use the condom once. Users should remove female condoms immediately following sexual intercourse.1,2,4

For a female condom to be effective in preventing pregnancy, it must be used correctly. Female condoms are 95 percent effective in preventing pregnancy when used correctly, with a 5 percent failure rate.1,2

When female condoms are not always used correctly, their effectiveness in preventing pregnancy drops to 79 percent, with a 21 percent failure rate.1-4

Although female condoms offer some protection from sexually transmitted infection, more extensive research is needed in this area.

Male and female condoms should not be used at the same time due to the risk of breakage or tearing.



Quote:
Fast facts on female condoms

Here are some key points about female condoms. More detail and supporting information can be found in the main article.

Each year, around 21 in every 100 women who use female condoms become pregnant
If used correctly, however, female condoms have a failure rate of 5 percent
Female condoms do not usually contain latex
Female condoms protect a wider area of the body than male condoms
Female condoms are not as effective at preventing pregnancy than male condoms
Each female condom can only be used once
Female condoms can usually be purchased over the counter at pharmacies
Users do not need to have an office visit with a healthcare provider before using female condoms.
Advantages and disadvantages of female condom use

As with any form of birth control, female condoms have both advantages and disadvantages to their use.

Advantages of female condom use:

Safe, simple and convenient
Female-controlled
Can be used during menstrual periods
Can be used with spermicide
Can be inserted up to 8 hours in advance or inserted as part of sexual foreplay
Can be used in the presence of a latex allergy
Can be used with oil-, silicone-, and water-based lubricants
Will not affect a woman's hormones
Provides additional protection of the labia, perineum, and base of the penis from the human papillomavirus (HPV) and herpes
External ring may enhance clitoral stimulation in some women
Does not require a male erection to keep the condom in place.

Potential disadvantages of female condom use:

Vaginal, vulvar, anal, or penile irritation
Allergic reaction
Vaginal discomfort
May slip into the vagina or anus during intercourse
Not officially approved for anal intercourse
Sexual sensation reduction and possible noise with sex
Less discreet than other forms of contraception
Has a lower efficacy rate than other non-barrier methods
Each female condom can only be used once
More expensive than male condoms
More research is needed on exact performance in protecting against sexually transmitted diseases
Requires learning how to use properly.

Buying female condoms

Female condoms can be purchased over the counter and online. Female condoms typically range in price between $2-4 per condom.1,2
Instructions and use of female condoms

For instructions on use and insertion, see the package insert of the purchased female condom.

If you have any questions about using of female condoms and if it is the right birth control choice for you, speak with your healthcare provider.
Written by Lori Smith BSN MSN CRNP
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  #15  
Old 10-02-2017, 07:31 PM
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Re: The Sex Health Issue Summary Thread -Updating

Thanks so much for this wonderful posts, I tried to read all thread but it seem so hard but thanks i have an idea about this. Keep posting guys. Thanks
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